JEL codes¶

The JEL classification is the American Economic Association's subject scheme for economics, and every paper here declares its codes. This page lists the codes the corpus uses, what each one means, and the papers filed under it. The catalog filters by code.

C · Mathematical and quantitative methods¶

C18 · Methodological issues: general¶

• Why Driver Weights Differ: A Cost-Based Microfoundation for Segmented Technology Acceptance · OSS economics · 2026-09-02

C25 · Discrete regression and qualitative choice models; discrete regressors; proportions¶

• Why Driver Weights Differ: A Cost-Based Microfoundation for Segmented Technology Acceptance · OSS economics · 2026-09-02

C43 · Index numbers and aggregation¶

• Counting Dependencies: Aggregation Rules and What Official Dependency Indices Identify · Path sovereignty · 2026-07-18

C83 · Survey methods; sampling methods¶

• Adopting Open Source in 2026: A UTAUT Model Grounded in the FLOSS User Typology · OSS economics · 2026-09-03

D · Microeconomics¶

D04 · Microeconomic policy: formulation, implementation, and evaluation¶

• Leverage Without Additionality: What Co-Funding Ratios Identify in Public Technology Programmes · Game theory · 2026-08-04

D22 · Firm behavior: empirical analysis¶

• Adopting Open Source in 2026: A UTAUT Model Grounded in the FLOSS User Typology · OSS economics · 2026-09-03
• Why Driver Weights Differ: A Cost-Based Microfoundation for Segmented Technology Acceptance · OSS economics · 2026-09-02

D23 · Organizational behavior; transaction costs; property rights¶

• Open Source Back-End Services: A Migration Guide for Directory, Storage, Mail, and Real-Time Communication · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• The Open Source Workstation: A Migration Guide for Applications, the Desktop, and the Managed Linux Estate · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• The Unpriced Bundle: Decision Suppression in Software Procurement · Game theory · 2026-08-04

D42 · Monopoly¶

• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17

D62 · Externalities¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• The Contribution Criterion: Scoring Policies and Organisations by Their Effect on System-Level Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18

D71 · Social choice; clubs; committees; associations¶

• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07

D72 · Political processes: rent-seeking, lobbying, elections, legislatures, and voting behavior¶

• Two Screenings: Why Europe Screened Huawei but not the Hyperscalers · Game theory · 2026-07-16

D82 · Asymmetric and private information; mechanism design¶

• Exit or Own? Portability Mandates and Ownership Screens · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• Screening for Sovereignty: Optimal Procurement when Compliance is Cheap to Fake and Costly to Verify · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• The Weakest Link and the Final Say: An Economic Commentary on the Franco-German Joint Paper on Digital Sovereignty · Policy papers · 2026-07-17
• Two Screenings: Why Europe Screened Huawei but not the Hyperscalers · Game theory · 2026-07-16

D83 · Search; learning; information and knowledge; communication; belief¶

• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04

D85 · Network formation and analysis: theory¶

• An Open Internet Stack: What to Build, in What Order, and Why · Open Internet Stack · 2026-09-07
• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Cheaper and Losing: A Layered Model of Cloud Dependence and the Limits of Subsidy · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Cuts and Options: A Theory of Strategic Autonomy in Production Networks · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• What Moves the System: A Factor Map and Ranking for European Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18

D86 · Economics of contract: theory¶

• Exit or Own? Portability Mandates and Ownership Screens · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• Screening for Sovereignty: Optimal Procurement when Compliance is Cheap to Fake and Costly to Verify · Game theory · 2026-09-16

F · International economics¶

F23 · Multinational firms; international business¶

• Sovereignty as a Flow: Capture and the Durability of European Technology · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04

F52 · National security; economic nationalism¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• An Open Internet Stack: What to Build, in What Order, and Why · Open Internet Stack · 2026-09-07
• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Counting Dependencies: Aggregation Rules and What Official Dependency Indices Identify · Path sovereignty · 2026-07-18
• Cuts and Options: A Theory of Strategic Autonomy in Production Networks · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• Sovereignty as a Flow: Capture and the Durability of European Technology · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• The Contribution Criterion: Scoring Policies and Organisations by Their Effect on System-Level Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18
• The Weakest Link and the Final Say: An Economic Commentary on the Franco-German Joint Paper on Digital Sovereignty · Policy papers · 2026-07-17
• What Moves the System: A Factor Map and Ranking for European Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18

G · Financial economics¶

G24 · Investment banking; venture capital; brokerage; ratings and ratings agencies¶

• Value Capture in Commercial Open Source: Services, Funding Paths, and the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-03

G34 · Mergers; acquisitions; restructuring; corporate governance¶

• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• Sovereignty as a Flow: Capture and the Durability of European Technology · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04

H · Public economics¶

H41 · Public goods¶

• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07

H50 · National government expenditures and related policies: general¶

• Leverage Without Additionality: What Co-Funding Ratios Identify in Public Technology Programmes · Game theory · 2026-08-04

H57 · Procurement¶

• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07
• Cheaper and Losing: A Layered Model of Cloud Dependence and the Limits of Subsidy · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Exit or Own? Portability Mandates and Ownership Screens · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17
• Screening for Sovereignty: Optimal Procurement when Compliance is Cheap to Fake and Costly to Verify · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• The Unpriced Bundle: Decision Suppression in Software Procurement · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Two Screenings: Why Europe Screened Huawei but not the Hyperscalers · Game theory · 2026-07-16

L · Industrial organization¶

L13 · Oligopoly and other imperfect markets¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• Cheaper and Losing: A Layered Model of Cloud Dependence and the Limits of Subsidy · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17
• The Unpriced Bundle: Decision Suppression in Software Procurement · Game theory · 2026-08-04

L14 · Transactional relationships; contracts and reputation; networks¶

• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Cuts and Options: A Theory of Strategic Autonomy in Production Networks · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17

L15 · Information and product quality; standardization and compatibility¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• Open Source Back-End Services: A Migration Guide for Directory, Storage, Mail, and Real-Time Communication · Migration guides · 2026-08-30

L17 · Open source products and markets¶

• Adopting Open Source in 2026: A UTAUT Model Grounded in the FLOSS User Typology · OSS economics · 2026-09-03
• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07
• Open Source Back-End Services: A Migration Guide for Directory, Storage, Mail, and Real-Time Communication · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• The Open Source Workstation: A Migration Guide for Applications, the Desktop, and the Managed Linux Estate · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• Value Capture in Commercial Open Source: Services, Funding Paths, and the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-03

L21 · Business objectives of the firm¶

• Value Capture in Commercial Open Source: Services, Funding Paths, and the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-03

L26 · Entrepreneurship¶

• Sovereignty as a Flow: Capture and the Durability of European Technology · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04

L40 · Antitrust issues and policies: general¶

• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• The Unpriced Bundle: Decision Suppression in Software Procurement · Game theory · 2026-08-04

L51 · Economics of regulation¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• Exit or Own? Portability Mandates and Ownership Screens · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17
• Screening for Sovereignty: Optimal Procurement when Compliance is Cheap to Fake and Costly to Verify · Game theory · 2026-09-16

L52 · Industrial policy; sectoral planning methods¶

• Cheaper and Losing: A Layered Model of Cloud Dependence and the Limits of Subsidy · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Leverage Without Additionality: What Co-Funding Ratios Identify in Public Technology Programmes · Game theory · 2026-08-04

L86 · Information and internet services; computer software¶

• A Two-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cloud Service Integrations · Cloud architecture · 2026-08-30
• An Open Internet Stack: What to Build, in What Order, and Why · Open Internet Stack · 2026-09-07
• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07
• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Cheaper and Losing: A Layered Model of Cloud Dependence and the Limits of Subsidy · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• Counting Dependencies: Aggregation Rules and What Official Dependency Indices Identify · Path sovereignty · 2026-07-18
• Cuts and Options: A Theory of Strategic Autonomy in Production Networks · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Exit or Own? Portability Mandates and Ownership Screens · Game theory · 2026-09-16
• Exit, Pursued by a Bill: Lock-in Rents and Portability · Game theory · 2026-09-17
• Open Source Back-End Services: A Migration Guide for Directory, Storage, Mail, and Real-Time Communication · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• The Contribution Criterion: Scoring Policies and Organisations by Their Effect on System-Level Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18
• The Open Source Workstation: A Migration Guide for Applications, the Desktop, and the Managed Linux Estate · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• The Unpriced Bundle: Decision Suppression in Software Procurement · Game theory · 2026-08-04
• The Weakest Link and the Final Say: An Economic Commentary on the Franco-German Joint Paper on Digital Sovereignty · Policy papers · 2026-07-17
• Value Capture in Commercial Open Source: Services, Funding Paths, and the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-03
• What Moves the System: A Factor Map and Ranking for European Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18
• Why Driver Weights Differ: A Cost-Based Microfoundation for Segmented Technology Acceptance · OSS economics · 2026-09-02

L96 · Telecommunications¶

• Two Screenings: Why Europe Screened Huawei but not the Hyperscalers · Game theory · 2026-07-16

M · Business administration; marketing; accounting; personnel economics¶

M15 · IT management¶

• Adopting Open Source in 2026: A UTAUT Model Grounded in the FLOSS User Typology · OSS economics · 2026-09-03
• Open Source Back-End Services: A Migration Guide for Directory, Storage, Mail, and Real-Time Communication · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• The Open Source Workstation: A Migration Guide for Applications, the Desktop, and the Managed Linux Estate · Migration guides · 2026-08-30

O · Economic development, innovation, technological change, and growth¶

O25 · Industrial policy¶

• An Open Internet Stack: What to Build, in What Order, and Why · Open Internet Stack · 2026-09-07
• Cuts and Options: A Theory of Strategic Autonomy in Production Networks · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• Path Sovereignty: Dependence, Control, and Options in the European Digital Stack · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-30
• Sovereignty as a Flow: Capture and the Durability of European Technology · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• The Contribution Criterion: Scoring Policies and Organisations by Their Effect on System-Level Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18
• The Weakest Link and the Final Say: An Economic Commentary on the Franco-German Joint Paper on Digital Sovereignty · Policy papers · 2026-07-17
• What Moves the System: A Factor Map and Ranking for European Digital Sovereignty · Sovereignty contribution · 2026-09-18

O33 · Technological change: choices and consequences; diffusion processes¶

• Adopting Open Source in 2026: A UTAUT Model Grounded in the FLOSS User Typology · OSS economics · 2026-09-03
• Channels of Power in Production Networks: A Taxonomy for Measuring Technological Dependence · Path sovereignty · 2026-08-04
• The Open Source Workstation: A Migration Guide for Applications, the Desktop, and the Managed Linux Estate · Migration guides · 2026-08-30
• Why Driver Weights Differ: A Cost-Based Microfoundation for Segmented Technology Acceptance · OSS economics · 2026-09-02

O34 · Intellectual property and intellectual capital¶

• Buyers' Clubs for the Open-Source Flow: Collective Provision in the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-07
• Value Capture in Commercial Open Source: Services, Funding Paths, and the FLOSS Value Network · OSS economics · 2026-09-03

O38 · Technological change: government policy¶

• Counting Dependencies: Aggregation Rules and What Official Dependency Indices Identify · Path sovereignty · 2026-07-18
• Leverage Without Additionality: What Co-Funding Ratios Identify in Public Technology Programmes · Game theory · 2026-08-04